A statistical analysis of consumer perceptions towards automated vehicles and their intended adoption

ABSTRACT

While automated vehicle (AV) development continues to progress rapidly, how the public will accept and adopt automated vehicles remains an open question. Using extensive survey data, we apply cluster analysis to better understand consumer perceptions toward potential benefits and concerns related to AVs with regard to factors influencing their AV adoption likelihood. Four market segments are identified – ‘benefits-dominated,’ ‘concerns-dominated,’ ‘uncertain,’ and ‘well-informed.’ A random parameters multinomial logit model is then estimated to identify factors influencing the probability of respondents belonging to one of these four market segments. Among other influences (such as socio-economic and current travel characteristics), it is found that ‘Millennials’ have a higher probability of belonging to the well-informed market segment, ‘Gen-Xers’ with a lower probability to the uncertain market segment, and ‘Baby Boomers’ with a higher probability to the concerns-dominated market (relative to the ‘Great Generation’). We also study the individuals’ expressed likelihood of AV adoption using separate random parameters ordered probit estimations for each of the four market segments. The substantial and statistically significant differences across each AV consumer market segment underscore the potentially large impact that different consumer demographics may have on AV adoption and the need for targeted marketing to achieve better market-penetration outcomes.     

考虑动态定价的煤炭调运方案优化研究

煤炭坑口价格的变化与市场供求有重要联系.本文在煤炭坑口价格动态定价的基础上,以煤炭产地和消费地间的煤炭调运量为决策变量,以煤炭流通过程中的总费用最小化为目标,分别构建了煤炭调运系统优化模型和考虑消费者竞争的煤炭调运优化模型,设计了遗传算法和Floyd算法相结合的求解算法.以我国内地煤炭调运问题为案例,分析了价格变化特性、可调出量与消费量比例等因素对煤炭调运方案的影响.结果表明,考虑消费者竞争时煤炭流通广义费用更低;随着煤炭可调出量与消费量比的增加,动态价格较固定价格的煤炭流通广义费用下降更快.     

Climate change behaviors related to purchase and use of personal cars: Development and validation of eco-socially conscious consumer behavior scale

A constantly changing environment and global warming are issues that are recognized at all global forums. One of the major reasons for global warming is the emission of greenhouse gasses which is primarily caused by use of personal cars as means of transport. This study reports on the development of an eco-socially conscious consumer behavior (ESCCB) scale specific to purchase and use of personal cars, based on samples of actual automobile customers in Pakistan. Using mixed method approaches, the results of 3 studies yield a 9-item three-dimensional scale (eco-social conservation, eco-social use, and eco-social purchase) with satisfactory reliability, construct validity and nomological validity. Second-order factor analysis revealed that eco-social purchase was the most important dimension, followed by eco-conservation and eco-social use. A test of nomological behavior shows that the scale is positively associated with a related construct: environmental concern. This study advances the literature on pro-environmental behaviors by introducing a conceptual definition of ESCCB related to personal car purchase and use, developing a measure for the ESCCB concept and validating the scale in the context of an emerging economy, Pakistan. The scale provides important insights for marketers in the automobile industry for remodelling marketing plans, as well as for environmentalists focusing on strategies to bring change in consumer behavior.     

大件运输中桥上桥的特殊用法与工程实践

“桥上桥”是大件运输中通过小跨径桥梁的一种常用方法.笔者在文中介绍了临时预应力“桥上桥”结合原桥共同受力解决大件运输中原桥承载能力不足的问题,节省了大量桥梁加固费用与时间,取得了显著的技术经济效益.笔者在文中拟对解决20m跨径“桥上桥”刚度不足、挠度过大的设计方案进行了介绍,并详细论述了其设计及计算过程,以供参考.     

剩余污泥新型生物技术资源化利用途径研究进展

该文指出剩余污泥的资源化利用是新时期下我国污水处理厂所需解决的关键问题之一。接着阐述了采用生物技术进行剩余污泥的资源化有利于提高污泥中有用物质的转化率,提高合成产品的附加值。从剩余污泥中提取得到的蛋白质可以广泛应用于细菌、真菌、藻类等物质的培养,对剩余污泥进行发酵可以得到高附加值的产品,剩余污泥还可以制备成生物吸附剂,以及做成燃料电池进行发电,采用新型生物技术对剩余污泥进行资源化利用具有较大发展前景。     

直立式岸壁折角处泊位长度优化研究

随着船舶大型化的发展,运用《海港总平面设计规范》中直立式岸壁折角处船长系数计算大型码头泊位长度时,易造成一定的岸线资源浪费。在原规范制定思路的基础上,分析和推导了在不同角度、不同船型、不同靠泊状态下直立式岸壁折角处船船(岸)间距与船舶尺度的关系和规律;细化了折角处不对称靠泊情况下的船长系数取值。同时,结合实际操船经验对大型船舶在不同折角情况下的船长系数进行优化和修正,在保证船舶操船安全的前提下,适度减少折角处泊位的富裕长度,达到节约岸线资源的目的。     

我国汽车消费信贷发展的问题分析

汽车产业的发展带动了我国汽车消费信贷的发展,汽车消费信贷的壮大又推动了汽车产业的进一步发展。但是,由于体制原因、经验不足以及相关配套措施不到位,我国汽车消费信贷经历了一段时期的高速发展后又陷入了低谷,至今仍未见起色。本文试从我国汽车消费信贷业务发展的历程及现状、目前存在的问题、以及完善汽车消费信贷的政策建议等方面进行相关阐述。     

浙江省公路网车辆OD数据库管理系统开发研究

基于公路网OD调查数据现状管理与深度利用的需要，结合浙江省公路网车辆OD数据库管理系统的开发．对系统设计原则与开发平台、功能与框架、技术流程以及关键技术进行详细阐述，可为今后建立更科学和完善的数据库系统提供参考。     

Ramp meters on trial: Evidence from the Twin Cities metering holiday

Ramp meters in the Twin Cities have been the subject of a recent test of their effectiveness, involving turning them off for eight weeks. This paper analyzes the results with and without ramp metering for several representative freeways during the afternoon peak period. Seven performance measures: mobility, equity, productivity, consumers’ surplus, accessibility, travel time variation and travel demand responses are compared. It is found that ramp meters are particularly helpful for long trips relative to short trips. Ramp metering, while generally beneficial to freeway segments, may not improve trip travel times (including ramp delays). The reduction in travel time variation comprises another benefit from ramp meters. Non-work trips and work trips respond differently to ramp meters. The results are mixed, suggesting a more refined ramp control algorithm, which explicitly considers ramp delay, is in order.     

连续斜梁桥受竖向荷载时的内力近似计算

应用斜梁桥与正梁桥之间夹角的余弦关系，找到了一种求解连续斜梁桥赘余未知力的近似方法。它把一个连续斜梁桥的力学问题转化为连续正梁桥的力学问题。通过几个算例的验证，其计算结果不但具有较高的精度，而且其计算过程可以应用一般平面杆系有限元法的计算程序来完成。因此，它给设计人员带来很大的方便。